Contents
- 1. Executive summary
- 2. Preface
- Relevant legal obligations of the IPPC Directive
- Definition of BAT
- Objective of this document
- Information sources
- How to understand and use this document
- 3. General introduction
Other European approaches to the control of fugitive emissions
Sources of fugitive emissions
Volatile organic compounds (VOC’S)
4. Generic BAT for sealing technologies
- Good operating practices
- Management systems
- Training
- Process design
- Maintenance
- Monitoring to determine leaking losses
- Key sources of leaks
- Spill and leak prevention
- Volatile organic compounds
- Relative costs of generic BAT for sealing technologies
5. BAT for bolted flange connections
- Gaskets
- Current emission levels
- Gasket selection
- Storage and handling of gaskets and gasket materials
- Assembly procedures
- Safety aspects and joint failure
- BAT for bolted flange connections
- Relative costs of BAT for bolted flange connections
- Emerging techniques
6. BAT for rotodynamic equipment
- Pumps
- Emission management in pumps
- Pump reliability
- Mechanical seals
- BAT for pumps
- Life cycle cost (LCC)
- Relative life cycle cost guide
- Compressors
- Emission management in compressors
- BAT for compressors
- Other rotodynamic equipment
- Emission management for other rotodynamic equipment
- BAT for other rotodynamic equipment
- Emerging techniques
7. BAT for reciprocating shafts
- BAT for reciprocating compressors
8. BAT for valves
- Valve leakage
- Compression packings
- Installation of compression packings
- Current emission levels
- Application guide for BAT in valves
- Valve live-loading
- Best available techniques
- Relative costs of BAT for valves
- Emerging techniques 6
9. Glossary of sealing terms
10. Conversion factors
- SI units
- Multiples of SI units
- Units of common usage in sealing terminology
- Conversion factors (SI units)
11. Further reading
12. References