Contents

• 1. Contents
• 2. Introduction
• 3. Failure modes of elastomeric materials
  • 3.1. Compression set / Stress relaxation
  • 3.2. Rapid gas decompression (RGD)
  • 3.3. Low temperature effects
  • 3.4. High temperature effects
  • 3.5. Thermal cycling / Thermal expansion and contraction
  • 3.6. Extrusion / Nibbling / Shaving damage
  • 3.7. Spiral twist /  Rolling
  • 3.8. Installation and/or Port damage
  • 3.9. Chemical degradation
  • 3.10. Compression fracture
  • 3.11. Dieseling / Air entrapment
  • 3.12. Short stroke failure
  • 3.13. Pressure trapping
  • 3.14. Bunching
  • 3.15. Wear and fatigue
  • 3.16. Volume change
• 4. Annex
  • 4.1. Compression set / Stress relaxation
  • 4.2. Rapid gas decompression (RGD)
  • 4.3. Low temperature effects
  • 4.4. Thermal cycling / Thermal expansion and contraction
  • 4.5. High temperature effects
  • 4.6. Volume change
• 5. Storage and Handling of Elastomeric Seals
• 6. Glossary of sealing terms
• 7. Conversion factors
  • 7.1. SI unit
  • 7.2. Multiples of SI units
  • 7.3. Units of common usage in sealing terminology
  • 7.4. Conversion factors (SI units)
• 8. References